Paper detail

Gate-tunable Kondo resistivity and dephasing rate in graphene studied by numerical renormalization group calculations

We investigate the resistivity and dephasing rate in the Kondo regime due to magnetic impurities in graphene with different chemial potentials ($μ$). The Kondo effect due to either carbon vacancies or magnetic adatoms in graphene is described by the single-orbital pseudo-gap asymmetric Anderson impurity model. We find that although the Anderson impurity model considered here is a mixed valence system, it can be drived into either the Kondo [$μ> μ_c$ (critical value) $>0$] or mixed valency ($μ\approx μ_c$) or empty orbital ($μ< μ_c$) regime by a gate voltage, giving rise to characteristic features in resistivity and dephasing rate in each regime. Specifically, in the case of $μ< μ_c$, the shapes of the resistivity (dephasing rate) curves for different $μ$ are nearly identical. However, as temperature decreases, they start to increase to their maxima at a lower $T/T_K$ but more rapidly [as $(T_K/T)^{3/2}$] than in normal metals [here $T$ ($T_K$) denotes the (Kondo) temperature]. As $T$ further decreases, after reaching the maximum, the dephasing rate drops more quickly than in normal metals, behaving as $(T/T_K)^3$ instead of $(T/T_K)^2$. Furthermore, the resistivity has a distinct peak above the saturation value near $T_K$. In the case of $μ> μ_c$, in contrast, the resistivity curve has an additional broad shoulder above 10$T_K$ and the dephasing rate exhibits an interesting shoulder-peak shape. In the narrow boundary region ($μ\approx μ_c$), both the resistivity and dephasing rate curves are similar to the corresponding ones in normal metals. This explains the conventional Kondo like resistivity from recent experiments on graphene with defects. The resistivity and dephasing rate are analysized in terms of the calculated $T$-dependent spectral function, correlation self-energy and renormalized impurity level.