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Fractional Little-Parks effect observed in a topological superconductor

In superconductors, the condensation of Cooper pairs gives rise to fluxoid quantization in discrete units of $Φ_0 = hc / 2e$. The denominator of $2e$ is the signature of electron pairing, which is evidenced by a number of macroscopic quantum phenomena, such as the Little-Parks effect and the Josephson effect, where the critical temperature or the critical current oscillates in the period of $Φ_0$. Here we report the observation of fractional Little-Parks effect in mesoscopic rings of epitaxial $β$-Bi$_2$Pd, a topological superconductor. Besides $Φ_0$, novel Little-Parks oscillation periodicities of $2Φ_0$, $3Φ_0$ and $4Φ_0$ are also observed, implying quasiparticles with effective charges being a fraction of a Cooper pair. We show that the fractional Little-Parks effect may be closely related to the fractional Josephson effect, which is a key signature of chiral Majorana edge states.