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Fostering Student Enrollment in Basic Sciences: the Case of Southern Tuscany

In recent decades it has been detected in Italy a decrease in enrollment in basic sciences, i.e. Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry. The increase in specific orientation is strategically crucial to achieve the goal of maintaining and increasing the number of motivated and capable students who enroll in these courses. With the purpose of increasing scientific vocations, workshops were organized in high schools and teachers involved in planning and implementation of laboratories, conferences for scientific outreach, thematic exhibitions, guided tours of research laboratories, summer's schools for students and courses for teachers were realized for developing a cultural enhancement in teaching basic sciences. Particularly significant is the case of activities organized by the Department of Physics of the University of Siena for students and teachers in Southern Tuscany. The methods used in cultural enhancement of teachers and activities designed to support schools with limited laboratory facilities, together with stimulating activities for motivated students are allowed to take root for some good practices in physics teaching and orientation to scientific degrees. Beyond describing the main activities for orientation to Physics, activities done in partnership with chemists, biologists and geologists are reported, as well as an activity in which the Departments of Mathematical Sciences and Physics are both involved in looking for introducing new interdisciplinary methodologies to increase students' understanding in high school of some selected topics in which both disciplines give a contribution in the construction of important and mutually reinforcing basic concepts.