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Forces between Silica Particles in Isopropanol Solutions of 1:1 Electrolytes

Interactions between silica surfaces across isopropanol solutions are measured with colloidal probe technique based on atomic force microscope. In particular, the influence of 1:1 electrolytes on the interactions between silica particles is investigated. A plethora of different forces are found in these systems. Namely, van der Waals, double-layer, attractive non-DLVO, repulsive solvation, and damped oscillatory interactions are observed. The measured decay length of the double-layer repulsion is substantially larger than Debye lengths calculated from nominal salt concentrations. These deviations are caused by pronounced ion pairing in alcohol solutions. At separation below 10 nm, additional attractive and repulsive non-DLVO forces are observed. The former are possibly caused by charge heterogeneities induced by strong ion adsorption, whereas the latter originate from structuring of isopropanol molecules close to the surface. Finally, at increased concentrations the transition from monotonic to damped oscillatory interactions is uncovered.