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F-signature of graded Gorenstein rings

For a commutative ring $R$, the $F$-signature was defined by Huneke and Leuschke \cite{H-L}. It is an invariant that measures the order of the rank of the free direct summand of $R^{(e)}$. Here, $R^{(e)}$ is $R$ itself, regarded as an $R$-module through $e$-times Frobenius action $F^e$.In this paper, we show a connection of the F-signature of a graded ring with other invariants. More precisely, for a graded $F$-finite Gorenstein ring $R$ of dimension $d$, we give an inequality among the $F$-signature $s(R)$, $a$-invariant $a(R)$ and Poincaré polynomial $P(R,t)$. \[ s(R)\le\frac{(-a(R))^d}{2^{d-1}d!}\lim_{t\rightarrow 1}(1-t)^dP(R,t) \]Moreover, we show that $R^{(e)}$ has only one free direct summand for any $e$, if and only if $R$ is $F$-pure and $a(R)=0$. This gives a characterization of such rings.