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Extended Mathematical Derivations: Decentralized Model-free Loss Minimization in Distribution Grids with the Use of Inverters

This document contains extended mathematical derivations for the communication-free and model-free algorithms that can actively control converter-connected devices, and can operate either as stand-alone or in combination with centralized optimization algorithms. We address the problem of loss minimization in distribution grids, and we analytically prove that our proposed algorithms reduce the total grid losses without any prior information about the network, requiring no communication, and based only on local measurements.