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Experimental observations of temperature effects in the near-field regime of the Casimir-Polder interaction

We investigate the temperature dependence of the Casimir-Polder interaction in the electrostatic limit. This unusual phenomenon relies on the coupling between a virtual atomic transition and a thermal excitation of surface polariton modes. We first focus on the scenario where a Cs(8P3/2) atom is next to a CaF2 or a BaF2 surface. Our theoretical predictions show a strong temperature dependence of the van der Waals coefficient at experimentally accessible conditions. A series of spectroscopic measurements performed in a specially designed Cs vapour cell containing a CaF2 tube is presented. Our results illustrate the sensitivity of atom surface-interaction experiments to the quality and chemical stability of the surface material and emphasize the need of using more durable materials, such as sapphire. We finally discuss selective reflection experiments on Cs(7D3/2) in an all-sapphire cell that clearly demonstrate a temperature dependent van der Waals coefficient.