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Exciton Shift Currents: DC Conduction with Sub-bandgap Photo Excitations

Shift current is a DC current generated from nonlinear light-matter interaction in a non-centrosymmetric crystal and is considered a promising candidate for next generation photovoltaic devices. The mechanism for shift currents in real materials is, however, still not well understood, especially if electron-hole interactions are taken into account. Here, we employ a first-principles interacting Green's-function approach on the Keldysh contour to study photocurrents generated by nonlinear optical processes in real materials and discover a strong DC shift current at subbandgap excitation frequencies in monolayer GeS due to strongly bound excitons, as well as giant enhancement in the shift current coefficients at above bandgap photon frequencies. Our results suggest that atomically thin two-dimensional materials may be promising building blocks for next generation shift current devices with efficiencies beyond the Shockley-Queisser limit.