Paper detail

Exact Space-Time Gauge Symmetry of Gravity, Its Couplings and Approximate Internal Symmetries in a Total-Unified Model

Gravitational field is the manifestation of space-time translational ($T_4$) gauge symmetry, which enables gravitational interaction to be unified with the strong and the electroweak interactions. Such a total-unified model is based on a generalized Yang-Mills framework in flat space-time. Following the idea of Glashow-Salam-Ward-Weinberg, we gauge the groups $T_4 \times (SU_3)_{color} \times SU_2 \times U_1\times U_{1b}$ on equal-footing, so that we have the total-unified gauge covariant derivative ${\bf \d}_μ = \p_μ - igϕ_μ^ν p_ν+ig_{s}{G_μ^{a}}(\ld^a/2) +if{W_μ^{k}}{t^k} + if' U_μt_{o} + ig_{b}B_μ$. The generators of the external $T_4$ group have the representation $p_μ=i\p_μ$, which differs from other generators of all internal groups, which have constant matrix representations. Consequently, the total-unified model leads to the following new results: (a) All internal $(SU_3)_{color}, SU_2, U_1$ and baryonic $U_{1b}$ gauge symmetries have extremely small violations due to the gravitational interaction. (b) The $T_4$ gauge symmetry remains exact and dictates the universal coupling of gravitons. (c) Such a gravitational violation of internal gauge symmetries leads to modified eikonal and Hamilton-Jacobi type equations, which are obtained in the geometric-optics limit and involve effective Riemann metric tensors. (d) The rules for Feynman diagrams involving new couplings of photon-graviton, gluon-graviton and quark-gaviton are obtained.