Paper detail

Evolution of proto-galaxy-clusters to their present form: theory and observations

From hydro-gravitational-dynamics theory HGD, gravitational structure formation begins 30,000 years (10^12 s) after the turbulent big bang by viscous-gravitational fragmentation into super-cluster-voids and 10^46 kg proto-galaxy-super-clusters. Linear and spiral gas-proto-galaxies GPGs are the smallest fragments to emerge from the plasma epoch at decoupling at 10^13 s with Nomura turbulence morphology and length scale L_N ~ (γν/ ρG)^1/2 ~10^20 m, determined by rate-of-strain γ, photon viscosity ν, and density ρof the plasma fossilized at 10^12 s. GPGs fragment into 10^36 kg proto-globular-star-cluster PGC clumps of 10^24 kg primordial-fog-particle PFP dark matter planets. All stars form from planet mergers, with ~97% unmerged as galaxy baryonic-dark-matter BDM. The non-baryonic-dark-matter NBDM is so weakly collisional it diffuses to form galaxy cluster halos. It does not guide galaxy formation, contrary to conventional cold-dark-matter hierarchical clustering CDMHC theory (Γ=0). NBDM has ~97% of the mass of the universe. It binds rotating clusters of galaxies by gravitational forces. The galaxy rotational spin axis matches that for low wavenumber spherical harmonic components of CMB temperature anomalies and extends to 4.5x10^25 m (1.5 Gpc) in quasar polarization vectors, requiring a big bang turbulence origin. GPGs stick together by frictional processes of the frozen gas planets, just as PGCs have been meta-stable for the 13.7 Gyr age of the universe.