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Equivalence of additive-combinatorial linear inequalities for Shannon entropy and differential entropy

This paper addresses the correspondence between linear inequalities of Shannon entropy and differential entropy for sums of independent group-valued random variables. We show that any balanced (with the sum of coefficients being zero) linear inequality of Shannon entropy holds if and only if its differential entropy counterpart also holds; moreover, any linear inequality for differential entropy must be balanced. In particular, our result shows that recently proved differential entropy inequalities by Kontoyiannis and Madiman \cite{KM14} can be deduced from their discrete counterparts due to Tao \cite{Tao10} in a unified manner. Generalizations to certain abelian groups are also obtained. Our proof of extending inequalities of Shannon entropy to differential entropy relies on a result of Rényi \cite{Renyi59} which relates the Shannon entropy of a finely discretized random variable to its differential entropy and also helps in establishing the entropy of the sum of quantized random variables is asymptotically equal to that of the quantized sum; the converse uses the asymptotics of the differential entropy of convolutions with weak additive noise.