Entanglement and Extreme Spin Squeezing for a Fluctuating Number of Indistinguishable Particles

We extend the criteria for $k$-particle entanglement from the spin squeezing parameter presented in [A.S. Sørensen and K. Mølmer, Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 86}, 4431 (2001)] to systems with a fluctating number of particles. We also discuss how other spin squeezing inequalities can be generalized to this situation. Further, we give an operational meaning to the bounds for cases where the individual particles cannot be addressed. As a by-product, this allows us to show that in spin squeezing experiments with cold gases the particles are typically distinguishable in practise. Our results justify the application of the Sørensen-Mølmer bounds in recent experiments on spin squeezing in Bose-Einstein condensates.

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