Energy Pooling Upconversion in Organic Molecular Systems

A combination of molecular quantum electrodynamics, perturbation theory, and ab initio calculations was used to create a computational methodology capable of estimating the rate of 3-body singlet upconversion in organic molecular assemblies. The approach was applied to quantify the conditions under which such relaxation rates, known as energy pooling, become meaningful for two test systems: stilbene-fluorescein and hexabenzocoronene-oligothiophene. Both exhibit low intra-molecular conversion but inter-molecular configurations exist in which pooling efficiency is at least 90\% when placed in competition with more conventional relaxation pathways. For stilbene-fluorescein, the results are consistent with data generated in an earlier experimental investigation. Exercising these model systems facilitated the development of a set of design rules for the optimization of energy pooling.

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