Elephant random walks with multiple extractions and general reinforcement functions

preprint2026arXivOpen access

Abstract

We consider a generalized model of elephant random walks wherein the walker, during the (n+1)(n+1)-st time-stamp, draws from the past (i.e. the set {1,2,…,n}\{1,2,\ldots,n\}) a sample of kk time-stamps, either with replacement or without, where kk may either remain fixed as nn grows, or k=k(n)k=k(n) may grow with nn. Letting {Un,1,Un,2,…,Un,k}\{U_{n,1}, U_{n,2}, \ldots, U_{n,k}\} denote the time-stamps sampled, the step taken by the walker during the (n+1)(n+1)-st time-stamp, denoted Xn+1X_{n+1}, is a ±1\pm 1-valued random variable whose distribution depends on the proportion of (+1)(+1)-valued steps out of XUn,1,XUn,2,…,XUn,kX_{U_{n,1}},X_{U_{n,2}},\ldots,X_{U_{n,k}} via a reinforcement function ff. In this paper, we investigate the asymptotic behaviour, i.e. strong and weak convergence, of this random walk model under suitable assumptions made on the function ff (as well as on the sequence {k(n)}\{k(n)\} when the sample size varies with nn).

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