Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors of the Matrix of Permutation Counts

preprint2013arXivOpen access

Abstract

Define a (n4+n2)/2×(n4+n2)/2(n^4+n^2)/2\times (n^4+n^2)/2 symmetric BB. (ij)(kl)(ij)(kl) is an index where i,j,k,l∈[n]i,j,k,l\in [n], (ab)(ab) is an unordered pair and (kl)(kl) is an ordered pair when i≠ji\neq j, otherwise it is also an unordered pair. B((ij)(kl),(ab)(xy))B((ij)(kl),(ab)(xy)) is equal to the number of permutations of S_n in which min⁡{i,j}\min\{i,j\} maps to kk, max⁡{i,j}\max\{i,j\} maps to ll, min⁡{a,b}\min\{a,b\} maps to xx and max⁡{a,b}\max\{a,b\} maps to yy. We will show that BB has four distinct eigenvalues: (3/2)n!(3/2)n!, n(n−3)!n(n-3)!, (n−1)!/(n−3)(n-1)!/(n-3), 2n(n−2)!2n(n-2)! and the corresponding eigenspace dimensions are 1, (n−12)2{{n-1}\choose{2}}^2, ((n−12)−1)2({{n-1}\choose{2}}-1)^2, (n−1)2(n-1)^2 respectively.

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