Effects of a time-varying color-luminosity parameter $β$ on the cosmological constraints of modified gravity models

It has been found that, for the Supernova Legacy Survey three-year (SNLS3) data, there is strong evidence for the redshift-evolution of color-luminosity parameter $β$. In previous studies, only dark energy (DE) models are used to explore the effects of a time-varying $β$ on parameter estimation. In this paper, we extend the discussions to the case of modified gravity (MG), by considering Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati (DGP) model, power-law type $f(T)$ model and exponential type $f(T)$ model. In addition to the SNLS3 data, we also use the latest Planck distance priors data, the galaxy clustering (GC) data extracted from Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) data release 7 (DR7) and Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS), as well as the direct measurement of Hubble constant $H_0$ from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observation. We find that, for both cases of using the supernova (SN) data alone and using the combination of all data, adding a parameter of $β$ can reduce $χ^2$ by $\sim$ 36 for all the MG models, showing that a constant $β$ is ruled out at 6$σ$ confidence level (CL). Moreover, we find that a time-varying $β$ always yields a larger fractional matter density $Ω_{m0}$ and a smaller reduced Hubble constant $h$; in addition, it significantly changes the shapes of 1$σ$ and 2$σ$ confidence regions of various MG models, and thus corrects systematic bias for the parameter estimation. These conclusions are consistent with the results of DE models, showing that $β$'s evolution is completely independent of the cosmological models in the background. Therefore, our work highlights the importance of considering the evolution of $β$ in the cosmology-fits.

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