Paper detail

Dynamics of the four kinds of Trapping Horizons and Existence of Hawking Radiation

We work with the notion of apparent/trapping horizons for spherically symmetric, dynamical spacetimes: these are quasi-locally defined, simply based on the behaviour of congruence of light rays. We show that the sign of the dynamical Hayward-Kodama surface gravity is dictated by the inner/outer nature of the horizon. Using the tunneling method to compute Hawking Radiation, this surface gravity is then linked to a notion of temperature, up to a sign that is dictated by the future/past nature of the horizon. Therefore two sign effects are conspiring to give a positive temperature for the black hole case and the expanding cosmology, whereas the same quantity is negative for white holes and contracting cosmologies. This is consistent with the fact that, in the latter cases, the horizon does not act as a separating membrane, and Hawking emission should not occur.