Dual Instruments and Sequential Products of Observables

preprint2022arXivOpen access

Abstract

We first show that every operation possesses an unique dual operation and measures an unique effect. If aa and bb are effects and JJ is an operation that measures aa, we define the sequential product of aa then bb relative to JJ. Properties of the sequential product are derived and are illustrated in terms of Lüders and Holevo operations. We next extend this work to the theory of instruments and observables. We also define the concept of an instrument (observable) conditioned by another instrument (observable). Identity, state-constant and repeatable instruments are considered. Sequential products of finite observables relative to Lüders and Holevo instruments are studied.

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