Divisibility results concerning truncated hypergeometric series

preprint2020arXivOpen access

Abstract

In this paper, using the well-known Karlsson-Minton formula, we mainly establish two divisibility results concerning truncated hypergeometric series. Let n>2n>2 and q>0q>0 be integers with 2∣n2\mid n or 2∤q2\nmid q. We show that ∑k=0p−1(q−pn)kn(1)kn≡0(modp3)\sum_{k=0}^{p-1}\frac{(q-\frac{p}{n})_k^n}{(1)_k^n}\equiv0\pmod{p^3} and pn∑k=0p−1(1)kn(pn−q+2)kn≡0(modp3)p^n\sum_{k=0}^{p-1}\frac{(1)_k^n}{(\frac{p}{n}-q+2)_k^n}\equiv0\pmod{p^3} for any prime p>max⁡{n,(q−1)n+1}p>\max\{n,(q-1)n+1\}, where (x)k(x)_k denotes the Pochhammer symbol defined by (x)k={1,k=0,x(x+1)⋯(x+k−1),k>0. (x)_k=\begin{cases}1,\quad &k=0,\\ x(x+1)\cdots(x+k-1),\quad &k>0.\end{cases} Let n≥4n\geq4 be an even integer. Then for any prime pp with p≡−1(modn)p\equiv-1\pmod{n}, the first congruence above implies that ∑k=0p−1(1n)kn(1)kn≡0(modp3).\sum_{k=0}^{p-1} \frac{(\frac{1}{n})_k^n}{(1)_k^n}\equiv0\pmod{p^3}. This confirms a recent conjecture of Guo.

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