Distinct permutation dot products

preprint2026arXivOpen access

Abstract

We show that for any two sets of reals numbers A={a1,…,an}A=\{a_1,\dots,a_n\} and B={b1,…,bn}B=\{b_1,\dots,b_n\}, the sums of the form ∑i=1nai bπ(i)\sum_{i=1}^n a_i\,b_{π(i)} always take on Ω(n3)Ω(n^{3}) distinct values, as we range over all permutations π∈Snπ\in S_n. An important ingredient is a ``supportive'' version of Halász's anticoncentration theorem from Littlewood-Offord theory, which may be of independent interest.

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