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Direct imaging of dopant and impurity distributions in 2D MoS$_2$

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS$_2$) nanosheet is a two-dimensional material with high electron mobility and with high potential for applications in catalysis and electronics. We synthesized MoS$_2$ nanosheets using a one-pot wet-chemical synthesis route with and without Re-doping. Atom probe tomography revealed that 3.8 at.% Re is homogeneously distributed within the Re-doped sheets. Other impurities are found also integrated within the material: light elements including C, N, O, and Na, locally enriched up to 0.1 at.%, as well as heavy elements such as V and W. Analysis of the non-doped sample reveals that the W and V likely originate from the Mo precursor.