Paper detail

Dimension dependence of numerical simulations on gravitational waves from protoneutron stars

We examine the eigenfrequencies of gravitational waves from the protoneutron stars (PNSs) provided via the core-collapse supernovae, focusing on how the frequencies depend on the dimension of numerical simulations especially for the early phase after core bounce. As expected, we find that the time evolution of gravitational wave frequencies depends strongly on the dimension of numerical simulation as well as the equation of state for high density matter. Even so, we find that the fundamental frequency as a function of PNS average density and the ratio of the specific eigenfrequencies to the fundamental frequency as a function of PNS properties are independent of the dimension of the numerical simulations, where the dependence of the equation of state is also very weak in this early postbounce phase. Thus, one can safely discuss the gravitational wave frequencies of the PNSs as a function of the PNS average density or compactness even with the frequencies obtained from the one dimensional simulations. We also provide phenomenological relation between the compactness and average density as well as the relation among the $f$-, $p$-, and $g$- mode frequencies.