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Density of Binary Disc Packings: Playing with Stoichiometry

We consider hard-disc mixtures with disc sizes within ratio $\sqrt{2}-1$, that is, the small disc exactly fits in the hole between four large discs. For each prescribed stoichiometry of large and small discs, the densest packings are rigorously determined via a computer-assisted proof. The density is maximal for the 1:1 stoichiometry: the large discs then form a square grid in each interstitial site of which a small disc nests. When there is an excess of large discs, the densest packings are made of a single phase which mixes the two types of discs in a chaotic way (it can be described by square-triangle tilings). When there is an excess of small discs, on the contrary, a phenomenon of phase separation appears: the large discs are involved in the densest 1:1 stoichiometry phases while the excess of small discs form compact hexagonal phases.