Decompositions of singular abelian surfaces

Given an abelian surface, the number of its distinct decompositions into a product of elliptic curves has been described by Ma. Moreover, Ma himself classified the possible decompositions for abelian surfaces of Picard number $1 \leq ρ\leq 3$. We explicitly find all such decompositions in the case of abelian surfaces of Picard number $ρ= 4$. This is done by computing the transcendental lattice of products of isogenous elliptic curves with complex multiplication, generalizing a technique of Shioda and Mitani, and by studying the action of a certain class group on the factors of a given decomposition. We also provide an alternative and simpler proof of Ma's formula, and an application to singular K3 surfaces.

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