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Cycles de codimension 2 et H^3 non ramifié pour les variétés sur les corps finis

Let $X$ be a smooth projective variety over a finite field $\F$. We discuss the unramified cohomology group $H^3_\nr(X,\Q/\Z(2))$. Several conjectures put together imply that this group is finite. For certain classes of threefolds, $H^3_\nr(X,\Q/\Z(2))$ actually vanishes. It is an open question whether this holds true for arbitrary threefolds. For a threefold $X$ equipped with a fibration onto a curve $C$, the generic fibre of which is a smooth projective surface $V$ over the global field $\F(C)$, the vanishing of $H^3_\nr(X,\Q/\Z(2))$ together with the Tate conjecture for divisors on $X$ implies a local-global principle of Brauer--Manin type for the Chow group of zero-cycles on $V$. This sheds a new light on work started thirty years ago. ----- Soit $X$ une variété projective et lisse sur un corps fini $\F$. On s'intéresse au groupe de cohomologie non ramifiée $H^3_\nr(X,\Q/\Z(2))$. Un faisceau de conjectures implique que ce groupe est fini. Pour certaines classes de solides, on a $H^3_\nr(X,\Q/\Z(2))=0$. Savoir si c'est le cas pour tout solide est un problème ouvert. Lorsqu'un solide $X$ est fibré au-dessus d'une courbe $C$, de fibre générique une surface projective et lisse $V$ sur le corps global $\F(C)$, la combinaison de $H^3_\nr(X,\Q/\Z(2))=0$ et de la conjecture de Tate pour $X$ a pour conséquence un principe local-global de type Brauer--Manin pour le groupe de Chow des zéro-cycles de la fibre générique $V$. Ceci éclaire d'un jour nouveau des investigations commencées il y a trente ans.

preprint2012arXivOpen access

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