Correlation between Decay Rate and Amplitude of Solar Cycles as Revealed from Observations and Dynamo Theory

Using different proxies of solar activity, we have studied the following features of solar cycle. (i) A linear correlation between the amplitude of cycle and its decay rate, (ii) a linear correlation between the amplitude of cycle $n$ and the decay rate of cycle $(n - 1)$ and (iii) an anti-correlation between the amplitude of cycle $n$ and the period of cycle $(n - 1)$. Features (ii) and (iii) are very useful because they provide precursors for future cycles. We have reproduced these features using a flux transport dynamo model with stochastic fluctuations in the Babcock-Leighton $α$ effect and in the meridional circulation. Only when we introduce fluctuations in meridional circulation, we are able to reproduce different observed features of solar cycle. We discuss the possible reasons for these correlations.

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