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Convergence of Langevin-Simulated Annealing algorithms with multiplicative noise

We study the convergence of Langevin-Simulated Annealing type algorithms with multiplicative noise, i.e. for $V : \mathbb{R}^d \to \mathbb{R}$ a potential function to minimize, we consider the stochastic equation $dY_t = - σσ^\top \nabla V(Y_t) dt + a(t)σ(Y_t)dW_t + a(t)^2Υ(Y_t)dt$, where $(W_t)$ is a Brownian motion, where $σ: \mathbb{R}^d \to \mathcal{M}_d(\mathbb{R})$ is an adaptive (multiplicative) noise, where $a : \mathbb{R}^+ \to \mathbb{R}^+$ is a function decreasing to $0$ and where $Υ$ is a correction term. This setting can be applied to optimization problems arising in Machine Learning. The case where $σ$ is a constant matrix has been extensively studied however little attention has been paid to the general case. We prove the convergence for the $L^1$-Wasserstein distance of $Y_t$ and of the associated Euler-scheme $\bar{Y}_t$ to some measure $ν^\star$ which is supported by $\text{argmin}(V)$ and give rates of convergence to the instantaneous Gibbs measure $ν_{a(t)}$ of density $\propto \exp(-2V(x)/a(t)^2)$. To do so, we first consider the case where $a$ is a piecewise constant function. We find again the classical schedule $a(t) = A\log^{-1/2}(t)$. We then prove the convergence for the general case by giving bounds for the Wasserstein distance to the stepwise constant case using ergodicity properties.