Convergence in $L^p$ and its exponential rate for a branching process in a random environment

We consider a supercritical branching process $(Z_n)$ in a random environment $ξ$. Let $W$ be the limit of the normalized population size $W_n=Z_n/E[Z_n|ξ]$. We first show a necessary and sufficient condition for the quenched $L^p$ ($p>1$) convergence of $(W_n)$, which completes the known result for the annealed $L^p$ convergence. We then show that the convergence rate is exponential, and we find the maximal value of $ρ>1$ such that $ρ^n(W-W_n)\rightarrow 0$ in $L^p$, in both quenched and annealed sense. Similar results are also shown for a branching process in a varying environment.

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