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Contraction-free quantum state encoding by quantum tunneling in single molecules

Quantum computing is a unique computational approach that promises tremendous performance that cannot be achieved by classical computers, although several problems must be resolved to realize a practical quantum computing system for easy use. Here, we propose a new system and theory for quantum computing that employs single molecule confinement between electrodes. The striking features of this system are (i) an individual molecule that exhibits quantum tunneling can be regarded as a sequence of quantum gates, (ii) the quantum tunneling can be encoded onto an array of quantum bits and observed without the contraction of superposition states, and (iii) quantum computing by quantum tunneling can be performed at room temperature. An adenine molecule is adopted as the single molecule between electrodes, and conductance data are encoded onto quantum states including entangled states, depending on the conductance values. As an application of the new quantum system, molecule identification based on quantum computing by quantum tunneling is demonstrated.