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Constructing left-continuous triangular norms on complete lattices

This article focuses on the construction of left-continuous t-norms on complete lattices. The concepts of $\mathfrak{f}$-mappings and weak $\mathfrak{f}$-mappings on complete lattices are first introduced, respectively. They are then applied to establish the following key results: weak $\mathfrak{f}$-mappings are used to induce left-continuous t-subnorms; $\mathfrak{f}$-mappings are used to generate left-continuous t-norms whenever the top element $1$ of the complete lattice is a completely join-irreducible element. Finally, some necessary and sufficient conditions are provided for an operator constructed by the ordinal sum of a series of annihilating binary operators being a left-continuous t-norm on a complete lattice.