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Comparison of caloric effects in view of application

In the framework of solid-state cooling technology, four kinds of caloric effects, magnetocaloric (MC), electrocaloric (EC), barocaloric (BC) and elastocaloric (eC) effects, are compared in view of environment discussion and application fields. This field is primarily developed in the intention of protecting the environment. However, some widely researched caloric materials do not meet environmental friendly criteria. Currently, new caloric materials (called "good" material) possessing the properties of friendly environment, low cost, high caloric performance and practicability (low stress) need to be found. In view of application, all current caloric effects/materials are investigated for the common objective of cooling. However, the adapted application cases for different caloric effects/materials are not considered. Due to the different stimuli and different intrinsic properties (different caloric performance for different dimensions) of caloric materials, they can exhibit unique advantage to different application cases. "Good" caloric material used for large-scale application is still less and deserve more search. Purposeful research will save the cost and accelerate the commercialization.