Paper detail

Cold Dark Matter in non-Standard Cosmologies, PAMELA, ATIC and Fermi LAT

We consider two non-standard cosmological scenaria according to which the universe is reheated to a low reheating temperature after the late decay of a scalar field or is dominated by the kinetic energy of a quintessence field in the context of a tracking quintessential model. In both cases, we calculate the relic density of the \emph{Weakly Interacting Massive Particles} (WIMPs) and show that it can be enhanced with respect to its value in the standard cosmology. By adjusting the parameters of the low reheating or the quintessential scenario, the cold dark matter abundance in the universe can become compatible with large values for the annihilation cross section times the velocity of the WIMPs. Using these values and assuming that the WIMPs annihilate predominantly to $e^+e^-$, $μ^+μ^-$ or $τ^+τ^-$, we calculate the induced fluxes of $e^\pm$ cosmic rays and fit the current data of PAMELA and ATIC or Fermi LAT. We achieve rather good fits especially to PAMELA and Fermi-LAT data in conjunction with a marginal fulfillment of the restriction arising from cosmic microwave background, provided that the WIMPs annihilate predominantly to $μ^+μ^-$. In both non-standard scenaria the required transition temperature to the conventional radiation dominated era turns out to be lower than about $0.7 \GeV$. In the case of the low reheating, an appreciable non-thermal contribution to the WIMP relic density is also necessitated.