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Coherently driven photonic de Broglie Sagnac interferometer

Quantum measurements have been intensively researched over decades due to quantum advantage of Heisenberg limit beating the standard quantum limit toward potential applications of quantum metrology. The kernel of quantum measurements is in the quantum correlation between bipartite photon pairs or squeezed light quenched by one parameter over corresponding noncommuting variable satisfying Heisenberg uncertainty principle. As a result, quantum measurements bring a quantum gain of the square root law in measurement sensitivity. Photonic de Broglie waves (PBW) have been the key feature of such a gain in quantum metrology especially for phase resolution enhancement beyond the classical limit of Rayleigh criterion or simply the diffraction limit. Due to extremely low efficiency of higher-order entangled photon pair generations such as a NOON state, however, the implementation of PBW for quantum metrology has been severely limited. Here, a completely different mechanism of quantum measurements is introduced for a new type of PBW and presented for its potential application of a modified Sagnac interferometer, where the resolution enhancement is several orders of magnitude higher than its classical counterpart.