Clustering of consecutive numbers in permutations avoiding a pattern and in separable permutations

preprint2022arXivOpen access

Abstract

Let SnS_n denote the set of permutations of [n]:={1,⋯ ,n}[n]:=\{1,\cdots, n\}, and denote a permutation σ∈Snσ\in S_n by σ=σ1σ2⋯σnσ=σ_1σ_2\cdots σ_n. For l≥2l\ge2 an integer, let Al;k(n)⊂SnA^{(n)}_{l;k}\subset S_n denote the event that the set of ll consecutive numbers {k,k+1,⋯ ,k+l−1}\{k, k+1,\cdots, k+l-1\} appears in a set of consecutive positions: {k,k+1,⋯ ,k+l−1}={σa,σa+1,⋯ ,σa+l−1}\{k,k+1,\cdots, k+l-1\}=\{σ_a,σ_{a+1},\cdots, σ_{a+l-1}\}, for some aa. For τ∈Smτ\in S_m, let Sn(τ)S_n(τ) denote the set of ττ-avoiding permutations in SnS_n, and let Pnav(τ)P_n^{\text{av}(τ)} denote the uniform probability measure on Sn(τ)S_n(τ). Also, let SnsepS_n^{\text{sep}} denote the set of separable permutations in SnS_n, and let PnsepP_n^{\text{sep}} denote the uniform probability measure on SnsepS_n^{\text{sep}}. We investigate the quantities Pnav(τ)(Al;k(n))P_n^{\text{av}(τ)}(A^{(n)}_{l;k}) and Pnsep(Al;k(n))P_n^{\text{sep}}(A^{(n)}_{l;k}) for fixed nn, and the limiting behavior as n→∞n\to\infty. We also consider the asymptotic properties of this limiting behavior as l→∞l\to\infty.

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