Classifying GL(2,Z)⋉Z2GL(2,\mathbb Z) \ltimes \mathbb Z^{2}-orbits by subgroups of R\mathbb R

preprint2014arXivOpen access

Abstract

Let G2\mathcal G_2 denote the affine group GL(2,Z)⋉Z2GL(2,\mathbb Z) \ltimes \mathbb Z^{2}. For every point x=(x1,x2)∈R2x=(x_1,x_2) \in \R2 let $\orb(x)=\{y\in\R2\mid y=γ(x)$ for some γ∈G2}γ\in \mathcal{G}_2 \}. Let GxG_{x} be the subgroup of the additive group R\mathbb R generated by x1,x2,1x_1,x_2, 1. If $\rank(G_x)\in \{1,3\}$ then $\orb(x)=\{y\in\R2\mid G_y=G_x\}$. If $\rank(G_x)=2$, knowledge of GxG_x is not sufficient in general to uniquely recover $\orb(x)$: rather, GxG_x classifies precisely max⁡(1,ϕ(d)/2)\max(1,ϕ(d)/2) different orbits, where dd is the denominator of the smallest positive nonzero rational in GxG_x and ϕϕ is Euler function. To get a complete classification, polyhedral geometry provides an integer cx≥1c_x\geq 1 such that $\orb(y)=\orb(x) $ iff (Gx,cx)=(Gy,cy)(G_{x},c_{x})=(G_{y},c_{y}).

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