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Broad-Band X-Ray Study of a Transient Pulsar RX J0059.2-7138

We report on the results of the ASCA and ROSAT observations on RX J0059.2-7138, a transient X-ray pulsar in the Small Magellanic Cloud. The barycentric pulse period has been precisely determined to be 2.763221 +- 0.000004 s. The pulse shape is almost identical in all of the energy bands. The pulse fraction increases with the photon energy below ~2 keV, while it is nearly constant at ~37% above ~2 keV. The X-ray spectrum has been found to consist of two components. One is dominant above 2 keV, and exhibits sinusoidal pulsations. This component is well described by a typical model found in many X-ray binary pulsars, a power-law of photon index 0.4 with an exponential cut-off at 6.5 keV. The other is dominant below 1 keV and shows no significant pulsation. This component is represented by either a broken power-law with photon indices of 2.6 and 5.1 below and above a break energy of 0.9 keV, or a metal-poor thin-thermal plasma with a temperature of 0.37 keV. The phase-averaged luminosity is ~1E38 erg s^-1 (0.1-10.0 keV) for both components. A hint of oxygen over-abundance is found in the absorbing column, possibly due to circumstellar gas ejected from an evolved companion.