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Branching Brownian motion with absorption and the all-time minimum of branching Brownian motion with drift

We study a dyadic branching Brownian motion on the real line with absorption at 0, drift $μ\in \mathbb{R}$ and started from a single particle at position $x>0.$ When $μ$ is large enough so that the process has a positive probability of survival, we consider $K(t),$ the number of individuals absorbed at 0 by time $t$ and for $s\ge 0$ the functions $ω_s(x):= \mathbb{E}^x[s^{K(\infty)}].$ We show that $ω_s<\infty$ if and only of $s\in[0,s_0]$ for some $s_0>1$ and we study the properties of these functions. Furthermore, for $s=0, ω(x) := ω_0(x) =\mathbb{P}^x(K(\infty)=0)$ is the cumulative distribution function of the all time minimum of the branching Brownian motion with drift started at 0 without absorption. We give three descriptions of the family $ω_s, s\in [0,s_0]$ through a single pair of functions, as the two extremal solutions of the Kolmogorov-Petrovskii-Piskunov (KPP) traveling wave equation on the half-line, through a martingale representation and as an explicit series expansion. We also obtain a precise result concerning the tail behavior of $K(\infty)$. In addition, in the regime where $K(\infty)>0$ almost surely, we show that $u(x,t) := \mathbb{P}^x(K(t)=0)$ suitably centered converges to the KPP critical travelling wave on the whole real line.

preprint2016arXivOpen access

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