Bose-Einstein Condensation of Pions

Particle number fluctuations are studied in the ideal pion gas approaching Bose-Einstein condensation. Two different cases are considered: Bose condensation of pions at large charge densities $ρ_Q$ and Bose condensation at large total densities of pions $ρ_π$. Calculations are done in grand canonical, canonical and microcanonical ensembles. At high collision energy, in the samples of events with a fixed number of all pions, $N_π$, one may observe a prominent signal. When $N_π$ increases the scaled variances for particle number fluctuations of both neutral and charged pions increase dramatically in the vicinity of the Bose-Einstein condensation line. As an example, the estimates are presented for $p+p$ collisions at the beam energy of 70 GeV.

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