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Block Copolymer Double Diamond Twin

A twin boundary (TB) is a common low energy planar defect in crystals including those with the atomic diamond structure (C, Si, Ge, etc.). We study twins in a self-assembled soft matter block copolymer (BCP) supramolecular crystal having the double diamond (DD) structure, consisting of 2 translationally shifted, interpenetrating diamond networks of the minority polydimethyl siloxane block embedded in a polystyrene block matrix. The coherent, low energy, mirror-symmetric double tubular network twin has one minority block network with its nodes offset from the (222) TB plane while nodes of the second network lie in the plane of the boundary. The offset network, although at a scale about a factor of 103 larger, has precisely the same geometry and symmetry as a (111) twin in atomic single diamond where the tetrahedral units spanning the TB retain nearly the same strut (bond) lengths and strut (bond) angles as in the normal unit cell. In the DD, the second minority block network undergoes a dramatic restructuring - the tetrahedral nodes transform into 2 new types of mirror-symmetric nodes (pentahedral and trihedral) which alternate and link to form a hexagonal mesh in the plane of the TB. The collective re-organization of the supramolecular packing highlights the hierarchical structure of ordered BCP phases and emphasizes the remarkable malleability of soft matter.