Algebraic differential equations from covering maps

preprint2014arXivOpen access

Abstract

Let YY be a complex algebraic variety, G↷YG \curvearrowright Y an action of an algebraic group on YY, U⊆Y(C)U \subseteq Y({\mathbb C}) a complex submanifold, Γ<G(C)Γ< G({\mathbb C}) a discrete, Zariski dense subgroup of G(C)G({\mathbb C}) which preserves UU, and π:U→X(C)π:U \to X({\mathbb C}) an analytic covering map of the complex algebraic variety XX expressing X(C)X({\mathbb C}) as Γ\UΓ\backslash U. We note that the theory of elimination of imaginaries in differentially closed fields produces a generalized Schwarzian derivative χ~:Y→Z\widetildeχ:Y \to Z (where ZZ is some algebraic variety) expressing the quotient of YY by the action of the constant points of GG. Under the additional hypothesis that the restriction of ππ to some set containing a fundamental domain is definable in an o-minimal expansion of the real field, we show as a consequence of the Peterzil-Starchenko o-minimal GAGA theorem that the \emph{prima facie} differentially analytic relation χ:=χ~∘π−1χ:= \widetildeχ \circ π^{-1} is a well-defined, differential constructible function. The function χχ nearly inverts ππ in the sense that for any differential field KK of meromorphic functions, if a,b∈X(K)a, b \in X(K) then χ(a)=χ(b)χ(a) = χ(b) if and only if after suitable restriction there is some γ∈G(C)γ\in G({\mathbb C}) with π(γ⋅π−1(a))=bπ(γ\cdot π^{-1}(a)) = b.

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