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Algebraic Algorithms for b-Matching, Shortest Undirected Paths, and f-Factors

Let G=(V,E) be a graph with f:V\to Z_+ a function assigning degree bounds to vertices. We present the first efficient algebraic algorithm to find an f-factor. The time is \tilde{O}(f(V)^ω). More generally for graphs with integral edge weights of maximum absolute value W we find a maximum weight f-factor in time \tilde{O}(Wf(V)^ω). (The algorithms are randomized, correct with high probability and Las Vegas; the time bound is worst-case.) We also present three specializations of these algorithms: For maximum weight perfect f-matching the algorithm is considerably simpler (and almost identical to its special case of ordinary weighted matching). For the single-source shortest-path problem in undirected graphs with conservative edge weights, we present a generalization of the shortest-path tree, and we compute it in \tilde{O(Wn^ω) time. For bipartite graphs, we improve the known complexity bounds for vertex capacitated max-flow and min-cost max-flow on a subclass of graphs.