Paper detail

AGN Jet Kinetic Power and the Energy Budget of Radio Galaxy Lobes

Recent results based on the analysis of radio galaxies and their hot X-ray emitting atmospheres suggest that non-radiating particles dominate the energy budget in the lobes of FRI radio galaxies, in some cases by a factor of more than 1000, while radiating particles dominate the energy budget in FRII radio galaxy lobes. This implies a significant difference in the radiative efficiency of the two morphological classes. To test this hypothesis, we have measured the kinetic energy flux for a sample of 3C FRII radio sources using a new method based on the observed parameters of the jet terminal hotspots, and compared the resulting Q(jet) - L(radio) relation to that obtained for FRI radio galaxies based on X-ray cavity measurements. Contrary to expectations, we find approximate agreement between the Q(jet) - L(radio) relations determined separately for FRI and FRII radio galaxies. This result is ostensibly difficult to reconcile with the emerging scenario in which the lobes of FRI and FRII radio galaxies have vastly different energy budgets. However, a combination of lower density environment, spectral ageing and strong shocks driven by powerful FRII radio galaxies may reduce the radiative efficiency of these objects relative to FRIs and couteract, to some extent, the higher radiative efficiency expected to arise due to the lower fraction of energy in non-radiating particles. An unexpected corollary is that extrapolating the Q(jet) - L(radio) relation determined for low power FRI radio galaxies provides a reasonable approximation for high power sources, despite their apparently different lobe compositions.