Paper detail

Age-optimal Service and Decision Scheduling in Internet of Things

We consider an Internet of Things (IoT) system in which a sensor observes a phenomena of interest with exponentially distributed intervals and delivers the updates to a monitor with the First-come-First-served (FCFS) policy. At the monitor, the received updates are used to make decisions with deterministic or random intervals. For this system, we investigate the freshness of the updates at these decision epochs using the age upon decisions (AuD) metric. Theoretical results show that 1) when the decisions are made with exponentially distributed intervals, the average AuD of the system is smaller if the service time (e.g., transmission time) is uniformly distributed than when it is exponentially distributed, and would be the smallest if it is deterministic; 2)when the decisions are made periodically, the average AuD of the system is larger than, and decreases with decision rate to, the average AuD of the corresponding system with Poisson decision intervals; 3)the probability of missing to use a received update for any decisions is decreasing with the decision rate, and is the smallest if the service time is deterministic. For IoT monitoring systems, therefore, it is suggested to use deterministic monitoring schemes, deterministic transmitting schemes, and Poisson decision schemes, so that the received updates are as fresh as possible at the time they are used to make decisions.