Additive problems on $\lfloor p^c \rfloor$

The sequence $\mathbb{P}^{(c)}=(\lfloor p^c \rfloor)_{p\in \mathbb{P}}\quad (c>0,c\notin \mathbb{N}),$ is an important subsequence of the well-known Piatetski-Shapiro sequence, where $\mathbb{P}$ is the set of prime numbers and $\lfloor \cdot \rfloor$ is the floor function. We prove that for all $c \in (0, 13/15)$, any large enough integer $N$ can be represented as $N=\lfloor p^c\rfloor+q,$ where $p$ and $q$ are primes. We also prove the result holds for almost all fixed positive $c \in \mathbb{R}\setminus\mathbb{Z}$. Moreover, we investigate shifted primes in this sequence, obtaining an asymptotic formula for all $c \in (0, 13/15)$ and an almost-all result for fixed positive $c \in \mathbb{R}\setminus\mathbb{Z}$.

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