A subdivision algebra for a product of two simplices via flow polytopes

For a lattice path $ν$ from the origin to a point $(a,b)$ using steps $E=(1,0)$ and $N=(0,1)$, we construct an associated flow polytope $\mathcal{F}_{\hat{G}_B(ν)}$ arising from an acyclic graph where bidirectional edges are permitted. We show that the flow polytope $\mathcal{F}_{\hat{G}_B(ν)}$ admits a subdivision dual to a $w$-simplex, where $w$ is the number of valleys in the path $\barν = EνN$. Refinements of this subdivision can be obtained by reductions of a polynomial $P_ν$ in a generalization of Mészáros' subdivision algebra for acyclic root polytopes where negative roots are allowed. Via an integral equivalence between $\mathcal{F}_{\hat{G}_B(ν)}$ and the product of simplices $Δ_a\times Δ_b$, we thereby obtain a subdivision algebra for a product of two simplices. As a special case, we give a reduction order for reducing $P_ν$ that yields the cyclic $ν$-Tamari complex of Ceballos, Padrol, and Sarmiento.

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