A simple bijective proof of a familiar derangement recurrence

preprint2020arXivOpen access

Abstract

It is well known that the derangement numbers dnd_n, which count permutations of length nn with no fixed points, satisfy the recurrence dn=ndn−1+(−1)nd_n=nd_{n-1}+(-1)^n for n≥1n\ge1. Combinatorial proofs of this formula have been given by Remmel, Wilf, Désarménien and Benjamin--Ornstein. Here we present yet another, arguably simpler, bijective proof.

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