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A Polygonal Perspective of Nielsen Reduction and the Chord Slide Groupoid

Nielsen reduction is an algorithm which decomposes any automorphism of a free group into a product of elementary Nielsen transformations. While this may be applied to a mapping class of a surface $S_{g,1}$ with one boundary component, the resulting decomposition in general will not have a topological interpretation. In this survey, we discuss a variation called fatgraph Nielsen reduction which decomposes such a mapping class into elementary Nielsen transformations interpreted as rearrangements of polygon domains for $S_{g,1}$ described by systems of arcs in $S_{g,1}$. These elementary moves generate the chord slide groupoid of $S_{g,1}$, which we survey and describe in terms of generators and relations.