A pair correlation problem, and counting lattice points with the zeta function

The pair correlation is a localized statistic for sequences in the unit interval. Pseudo-random behavior with respect to this statistic is called Poissonian behavior. The metric theory of pair correlations of sequences of the form $(a_n α)_{n \geq 1}$ has been pioneered by Rudnick, Sarnak and Zaharescu. Here $α$ is a real parameter, and $(a_n)_{n \geq 1}$ is an integer sequence, often of arithmetic origin. Recently, a general framework was developed which gives criteria for Poissonian pair correlation of such sequences for almost every real number $α$, in terms of the additive energy of the integer sequence $(a_n)_{n \geq 1}$. In the present paper we develop a similar framework for the case when $(a_n)_{n \geq 1}$ is a sequence of reals rather than integers, thereby pursuing a line of research which was recently initiated by Rudnick and Technau. As an application of our method, we prove that for every real number $θ>1$, the sequence $(n^θα)_{n \geq 1}$ has Poissonian pair correlation for almost all $α\in \mathbb{R}$.

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