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A Novel Proof for Kimberling's Conjecture on Doubly Fractal Sequences

A sequence is a fractal sequence if it contains itself as a proper subsequence. (The self-containment property resembles that of visual fractals) A doubly fractal sequence of integers is defined by operations called upper trimming and lower trimming. C. Kimberling proved that signature sequences are doubly fractal and conjectured the converse. This article gives a procedure for constructing doubly fractal sequences and proves Kimberling's conjecture.