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A Local Resolution of the Problem of Time. VIII. Assignment of Observables

Given a state space, Assignment of Observables involves Taking Function spaces Thereover. At the classical level, the state space in question is phase space or configuration space. This assignment picks up nontrivialities when whichever combination of constraints and the quantum apply. For Finite Theories, weak observables equations are inhomogeneous-linear first-order PDE systems. Their general solution thus splits into complementary function plus particular integral: strong and nontrivially-weak observables respectively. We provide a PDE analysis for each of these. In the case of single observables equations - corresponding to single constraints - the Flow Method readily applies. Finding all the observables requires free characteristic problems. For systems, this method can be applied sequentially, due to integrability conferred by Frobenius' Theorem. In each case, the first part of this approach is Lie's Integral Theory of Geometrical Invariants, or the physical counterpart thereof. The second part finds the function space thereover, giving the entire space of (local) observables. We also outline the Field Theory counterpart. Here one has functional differential equations. Banach (or tame Fréchet) Calculus is however sufficiently standard for the Flow Method and free characteristic problems to still apply. These calculi support the Lie-theoretic combination of machinery that our Local Resolution of the Problem of Time requires, by which Field Theory and GR are included.